Positivisasi Hukum Islam dan Persinggungannya dengan Kelompok Etnonasionalis di Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.734
Abstract views: 925
PDF downloads: 636
Keywords:
positivisasi hukum Islam, etnonasionalis, AcehAbstract
Abstract: This paper aims to examine the discourse of positivization of Islamic Law in post-conflict settings and its relation to ethnonationalist groups in Aceh. This qualitative research uses a socio-legal-historical approach and content analysis as a dimension of analysis. The research was carried out by observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the existence of Islamic law in Aceh did not occur monotonously, since there were many influences behind its development. The relationship between the three main areas, namely sharia, state law, and customs, greatly affects the existence of Islamic law in Aceh. The positivization of Islamic law in Aceh in the form of qanūns was born out of the articulation process between the three main domains. This articulation means having a clear connection between the three areas, with an important note that Islamic law is not born from the legislative process alone as a given, but is more of a struggle in nature which in this case is always intertwined with the local political situation vis a vis national politics. Furthermore, the involvement of ethnonationalism groups in the post-conflict discourse on the positivization of Islamic law is an implication of the transformation of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) into the government bureaucracy in both the executive and legislative domains.
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan melihat eksistensi wacana positivisasi hukum Islam pascakonflik dan kaitannya dengan kelompok etnonasionalis di Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal-historis dengan analisis isi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi syariat Islam di Aceh tidak terjadi secara monoton, banyak pengaruh di balik perkembangannya. Hubungan antara tiga wilayah utama, yakni syari’ah, hukum negara, dan adat-istiadat sangat mempengaruhi keberadaan dan eksistensi hukum Islam di Aceh. Positivisasi hukum Islam di Aceh dalam bentuk qanūn lahir karena proses artikulasi antara tiga domain utama tersebut. Artikulasi ini bermakna memiliki sambungan yang jelas di antara tiga wilayah tersebut, dengan catatan penting bahwa syari’at Islam tidak lahir dari proses legislasi saja sebagai sebuah given, tetapi lebih bersifat perjuangan yang dalam hal ini selalu berkait kelindan dengan situasi politik lokal yang berhadapan (vis a vis) dengan politik nasional. Sementara keterlibatan kelompok etnonasionalisme dalam wacana positivisasi hukum Islam di Aceh pascakonflik merupakan implikasi dari hasil transformasi Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) ke dalam birokrasi pemerintahan, baik dalam domain eksekutif maupun legislatif.
References
Abubakar, Al Yasa’. Penerapan Syari’at Islam di Aceh (Upaya Penyusunan Fiqh dalam Negara Bangsa). Banda Aceh: Dinas Syari’at Islam Aceh, 2013.
__________. Syari’at Islam di Provinsi Aceh Paradigma Kebijakan dan Kegiatan. Banda Aceh: Dinas Syari’at Islam Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, 2005.
Ahmad, Kamaruzzaman Bustamam. Acehnologi. Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing, 2017.
__________ dan M. Hasbi Amiruddin. Ulama, Separatisme, dan Radikalisme di Aceh. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kaukaba, 2013.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities (Komunitas-Komunitas Terbayangan). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar & Insist Press, 2008.
Ansor, Muhammad. “Agensi Perempuan Kristen dalam Ruang Publik Islam Aceh”. Disertasi Doktoral Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2019.
Ansor, Muhammad. “Politics of the Female Body, Piety and Resistance in Langsa, Aceh”. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 52, no. 1 (2014).
Arfiansyah, “The Politicization of Shari’ah: Behind the Implementation of Shariah in Aceh-Indonesia”. Tesis. Montreal: Mc Gill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 2009.
Aspinall, Edward. Combatants to Contractors: The Political Economy of Peace in Aceh. Indonesia. No. 87, 2009.
__________. Islam and Nation: Separatist in Aceh, Indonesia. California: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Bertrand, Jacques. Nationalism and Ethnich Conflict in Indonesia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
__________. Nasionalisme dan Konflik Etnis di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak, 2012.
Bowen, John R., “Shari’a, State, and Social Norms in France and Indonesia”. ISIM Papers. Leiden: ISIM, 2001.
Buehler, Michael. The Politics of Shari’a Law: Islamist Activist and the State in Democratizing Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Burhanudin, Jajat. Ulama & Kekuasaan: Pergumulan Elite Muslim dalam Sejarah Indonesia. Bandung: Mizan, 2012.
Buskens, Leon. “An Islamic Triangel Changing Relationships Between Sharia, State Law, and Local Customs”. Isim Newsletter 5. 2000.
Daly, Patrick R, Feener, Michael, dan Reid, Anthony (Peny.). Aceh PascaTsunami dan PascaKonflik. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan: Jakarta: KITLV-Jakarta, 2012.
Djumala, Darmasjah. Soft Power untuk Aceh: Resolusi Konflik dan Politik Desentralisasi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2013.
Edwin N. Wilmsen and Patrick McAllister (ed.). The Politic of Difference: Ethnic Premises in a World of Power. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Feener, R. Michael, dkk., (ed.). “Islam and the Limits of the State: Reconfigurations of Practice, Community and Authority in Contemporary Aceh”. Leiden Studies in Islam and Society. Vol. 3. 2016.
Hamzah, Murizal. Hasan Tiro: Jalan Panjang Menuju Damai Aceh. Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing, 2014.
Hasan, Husaini M. Dari Rimba Aceh ke Stockholm: Catatan Husaini Hasan ketika Bersama Tengku Hasan M di Tiro. Jakarta: Batavia Publishing, 2015.
Hooker, MB. “The State and Syariah in Indonesia 1945-1995”, dalam Timothy Lindsey (ed.). Indonesia, Law and Society. Melbourne: the Federation Press. 1998.
Ichwan, Moch Nur. “Official Ulema and The Politics of Re-Islamization: The Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Shari’atization and Contested Authority in Post-New Order Aceh”. Jurnal of Islamic Studies. 22: 2 (2011) pp. 183-214. Oxford University Press on behalf of the Oxford Center for Islamic Studies. Published Online 5 April 2011.
__________. “Ulama, Negara-Bangsa, dan Etnonasionalisme Religius: Kasus Banda Aceh”, dalam Ulama, Politik, dan Narasi Kebangsaaan: Fragmentasi Otoritas Keagamaan di Kota-Kota Indonesia. Yogyakarta: PusPiDep Press, 2019.
Ishak, Otto Syamsuddin. Aceh Pasca Konflik: Kontestasi 3 Varian Nasionalisme. Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing, 2013.
Kamil, Sukron, dkk. Syariah Islam dan HAM: Dampak Perda Syariah terhadap Kebebasan Sipil, Hak-Hak Perempuan, dan Non-Muslim. Jakarta: CSRC UIN Jakarta & KAS Jakarta, 2007.
Kloos, David. “The Salience of Gender: Female Islamic Authority in Aceh, Indonesia”. Asian Studies Review. Vol. 40. No. 4. 2016.
Latief, Husni Mubarak A. “Disonansi Qanun Syari’at Islam dalam Bingkai Konstitusi Hukum Indonesia: Aceh sebagai Studi Kasus”. Paper dalam konferensi: Annual Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS) XII, 5-8 November 2012, Surabaya-Indonesia.
__________. “The Politics of Syari’atization: Central Governmental and Regional Discourses of Syari’a Implementation in Aceh”, dalam R.M. Feener and M E Cammack (ed.). Islamic Law in Contemporary Indonesia: Ideas and Institutions. Boston: Islamic Legal Studies Program, Hardvard University Press, 2007.
Leifer, Michael. “The Changing Temper of Indonesian Nationalism”, dalam Michael Leifer (ed.). Asian Nationalism. Routledge, 2000.
Makin, Al. “Identitas Keacehan dalam Isu-Isu Syariatisasi, Kristenisasi, Aliran Sesat, dan Hegemoni Barat”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 11, no. 1 (September 2016).
Missbach, Antje. “Long-Distance Politics in Trasition: Aceh’s Diaspora During and After the Homeland Conflict”. Disertasi. Canberra: The Australian National University, Department of Political and Social Change, 2009.
Muhtada, Dani. “The Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion: A Comparative Study of Shari’a Regulations in Indonesia”. Disertasi. Dekalb, Illinois: Northern Ililnois University, Department of Political Science, 2014.
Salim, Arskal. Chalenging the Secular State: the Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia, University of Hawai Press, 2008.
__________ & Adlin Sila. Serambi Mekah yang Berubah: Views from Within. Jakarta: Pustaka Alvavet, 2010.
Simanjuntak, Bungaran Antonius (ed.). Otonomi Daerah, Etnonasionalisme, dan Masa Depan Indonesia: Berapa Persen Lagi Tanah dan Air Nusantara Milik Rakyat. Cet. Ke-3. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2012.
Sjamsuddin, Nazaruddin. Revolusi di Serambi Mekkah: Perjuangan Kemerdekaan dan Pertarungan Politik di Aceh 1945-1949. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 1999.
Su’adi, Ahmad. “Tapak Visi Kewarganegaraan Kultural Abdurrahman Wahid dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Aceh dan Papua, 1999-2001”. Disertasi. Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2018.
Ti, Aisyah, Subhani, dan Al Chaidar. Darul Islam di Aceh: Analisis Sosial-Politik Pemberontakan Regional di Indonesia, 1953-1964. Lhokseumawe-Aceh: Unimal Press, 2008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Asy-Syir'ah : Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum by Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
