Debates in Modern Economic Transactions: Assessing the Gopay Agreement in the Perspective of Indonesian Ulama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v56i2.1040
Abstract views: 131
PDF downloads: 47
Keywords:
Gopay Agreement, Qardh, Wadi’ah, usury, gifts, Sharia agreementAbstract
Abstract: This article examines the debates of Indonesian scholars regarding the Gopay contract and the law of its transactions. This article attempts to answer two questions: why do the scholars have different opinions about the Gopay contract? And what are the legal consequences of these different opinions? Using a normative approach and Sharia contract theory, the following conclusions are obtained: first, scholars differ in opinion regarding the contract used in Gopay. The Fatwa Council of Al-Irsyad and Erwandi Tarmizi believe that the contract in Gopay is a qardh contract or debt. So, making transactions with the Gopay application is unlawful because it contains elements of usury (riba), namely discounts given by Gojek to customers. Muhammadiyah believe that Gopay transaction could be categorized as ijarah maushufah fi dzimmah scheme. So, making transaction with it is permissible as for other marketing. Meanwhile, Nahdlatul Ulama and DSN-MUI scholars believe that the Gopay contract as a wadi’ah (safekeeping) contract. So, making transactions with the Gopay application is permissible because the discount given by Gojek to customers or consumers is just a gift or bonus and does not include usury. This article finds that in assessing cases of modern transactions, apart from the perspective of halal and haram, contemporary scholars also seem confused as to which scheme is suitable for such transactions. Thus, in the case of Gopay, there are three schemes that appear in the opinion of scholars, namely qardh, wadī’ah, and ijarah maushufah fi dzimmah contracts.
Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji perdebatan para ulama Indonesia terkait akad Gopay dan hukum bertransaksi dengannya. Ada dua pertanyaan yang hendak dijawab dalam artikel ini: mengapa para ulama berbeda pendapat tentang akad dalam Gopay?, dan apa konsekuensi hukum dari perbedaan pendapat tersebut? Menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan teori perjanjian syariah diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut: pertama, terjadi perbedaan pendapat di kalangan para ulama terkait akad yang digunakan dalam Gopay. Dewan Fatwa Al-Irsyad dan Erwandi Tarmizi berpendapat bahwa akad dalam Gopay adalah akad qardh atau hutang piutang sehingga melakukan transaksi dengannya adalah haram karena di dalamnya mengandung unsur riba, yakni adanya diskon yang diberikan oleh pihak Gojek kepada pelanggan atau konsumen. Muhammadiyah menyatakan bahwa Gopay merupakan skema ijarah maushufah fi dzimmah sehingga transaksinya diperbolehkan sebagaikmana transaksi muamalah lain dalam perdagangan. Sementara para ulama dari kalangan Nahdlatul Ulama dan DSN-MUI memandang bahwa akad Gopay adalah akad wadi’ah (penitipan). Oleh sebab itu, melakukan transaksi dengan aplikasi Gopay adalah boleh karena diskon yang diberikan pihak Gojek kepada para pelanggan atau konsumen hanyalah sebuah hadiah atau bonus semata dan hal itu tidak termasuk riba. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalam menilai transaksi dalam ekonomi modern, selain dari perspektif halal dan haram, para ulama kontemporer juga tampak kebingungan untuk menilai skema yang cocok untuk transaksi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dalam kasus Gopay, ada tiga skema yang muncul dalam penilaian ulama, yaitu akad qardh, wadi’ah, dan ijarah maushufah fi dzimmah.
Keywords: Gopay Agreement; Qardh; Wadi’ah; usury; gifts; Sharia agreement
References
Afkar, Taudlikhul. “Influence Analysis Of Mudharabah Financing And Qardh Financing To The Profitability Of Islamic Banking In Indonesia.” AJIE : Asian Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 3 (2017): 340-351, https://journal.uii.ac.id/ajie/article/view/8355.
al-Ahawi, Shalah. Fikih Ekonomi Keuangan Islam’. Translated by Abu Usman Basyir. Jakarta : Darul Haq, 2008.
Aji. “Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Transaksi Go-Pay.” Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, (2019).
Ali, M. Berbagi Macam Transaksi Dalam Islam (Fiqih Muamalat). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2003.
Andini S, Evy SW, Nunung Nurlaela, Muthi L. “Review the Fatwas Related to Fintech Application in Islamic Financial Institution in Indonesia.” Share : Jurna Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam 9, no. 2, (2020): 207-226, https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/2497325.
Anita, Fitri. “Tingkat Kemudahan Dan Manfaat Pada Pengguna Layanan GoPay Bagi MInat Pengguna Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Saintifik Manajemen Dan Akuntansi 03, no. 01 (2020): 37-49, http://ejournal.winayamukti.ac.id/index.php/Organum/article/view/75.
Arief, Abd. Salam. “Zakat, Tanggung Jawab Sosial, Dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat.” Asy-Syir’ah : Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 50, no. 2 (2016): 342-353, http://asy-syirah.uin-suka.com/index.php/AS/article/view/234.
Ascarya. Akad & Produk Bank Syariah. Depok : Rajawali Pers 2008.
Danuarta, Darma, GLN &. “Determinants of Using Go-Pay and Its Impact on Net Benefits.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Reseach Technology 4, no. 11 (2019): 173-182, https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT19NOV272.pdf.
Darma, Gede Sri and Gede Leonardi Danuarta. “Determinants of Using Go-Pay and It’s Impact on Net Benefit”. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 4, no. 11 (2019): 173-182, https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT19NOV272.pdf.
Desminar, “Akad Wadi’ah Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah.” Jurnal Menara Ilmu 8, no. 2 (2019): 25-35, https://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/menarailmu/article/view/1213.
Dewan Fatwa Perhimpunan Al-Irsyad No : 005/DFPA/VI/1439 tentang Haramnya Diskon yang Didapatkan dari Go-Pay dab Layanan yang sejenisnya.
Dewi, Fianti Krisna & Ariyanti, Maya. “Perbandingan User Experience Aplikasi Digital Wallet (PenggunaGo-Pay, Ovo, DANA Dan LinkAja Pada Mahasiswa Bandung.” Jurnal Menegemen Teknologi 19, no. 11 (2020): 111-129, https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/1991870.
Djazuli. Kaidah-Kaidah Fiqih: Kaidah-Kaidah Hukum Islam Dalam Menyeslesaikan Masalah-Masalah Yang Praktis. Jakarta : Kencana, 2010.
Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia, No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 tentang Uang Elektronik Syariah.
Ferdiana, A.M.K. and G.S. Darma. “Understanding Fintech Through Go-Pay”. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 4, no. 2, (2019), 257-260, https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IJISRT19FB142.pdf.
Ihsanussyauqi, Muhammad. “Pola Top-up Gopay Antara Konsumen Dengan Gojek Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Notaire 3, no. 3 (2020): 405-426, https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/NTR/article/view/22833.
Khoiruddin., Heri, and Mohamad Anton Athoillah. “The Historicity of The Economic Verses on Fatwa of DSN-MUI about Sharia Electronic Money”. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 8, no. 1 (2021).
Kustini, Nuruni Ika. “ExsperiantialMarketing, Emotional Branding, and Brand Trust Their Effect On Honda Motorcycle Product". Journal of Economic, Business and Accountancy Ventura, 14, no. 1 (2011): 19-28. https://journal.perbanas.ac.id/index.php/jebav/article/view/12.
Mardani. Fiqh Ekonomi Syariah: Fiqh Muamalah. Jakarta: Kencana, 2012.
Masadi, Ghufron A. Fiqh Muamalah Kontekstual. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. 2002.
Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penilitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Remadja Karya, 1989.
al-Mushlih, Abdullah. Fikih Ekonomi Keuangan Islam. Translated by Abu Umar Basyir. Jakarta: Darul Haq. 2008.
Nengsih, Novia. “Analisis Terhadap Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSNMUI) Tentang Uang Elektronik Syariah (Studi Kartu Flazz BCA, Go-Pay, Dan Grab-Pay).” Jurisdictie 10, no. 1 (2019): 56-77, https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/1211028
Nisa, Indah Khoiratun. “Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Praktek Jual Beli Online Dalam Sistem Gofood (Studi Kasus Di Wilayah Ngaliyan Kota Semarang.” Skripsi Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Universitas Isla Negeri Walisongo, 2018.
Nugroho L and C. Sukmadilaga. “Peluang Dan Tantangan Fintech (Financial Technology) Syariah Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 5, no. 3 (2020): 326-333, shttps://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jei/article/view/578.
Nurlaela, Nunung and Muthi Luthfiyana. “Reviewing The Fatwas Related To Fintech Applications In Islamic Financial Institution In Indonesia”. SHARE : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 9, no. 2 (2020): 206-226, https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/2497325.
Rofiqoh Z. “Transaksi Emoney Terhadap Layanan Gopay Pada Aplikasi Gojek Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah”. Jurnal UIN Banten 5, no. 2 (2019): 49-58, http://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/ahkm/article/view/2176DM.
Peraturan Bank Indonesia No.11/12/PBI/2009 Tanggal 13 April 2009 tentang Uang Elektronik (Electronik Money).
Priyono, Anjar. “Analisis Pengaruh Trust Dan Risk Dalam Penerimaan Teknologi Dompet Elektronik Go-Pay.” Jurnal Siasat Bisnis 21, no. 1 (2017): 88-106, https://journal.uii.ac.id/JSB/article/view/7338.
Rambe, Laila Afni. “Islamic Law Review on Use Go-Pay in Payment of Zakat.” Unissula Journals 3, no. 2 (2020): 145-162, http://lppm-unissula.com/jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/ua/article/view/7800.
Razi, Fauzul. “Analisis Praktik Gopay Pada Aplikasi Gojek Untuk Transasksi Non Tunai Dalam Perspektif Akad Qardh.” Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum,Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, 2019.
Sidik, Abdul. “Hukum Gopay Menurut Pandangan Tokoh Nahdatul Ulama Dan Perhimpunan Al-Irsyad.” Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2019.
Siroj, Malthu. “Konsep Kemudahan Dalam Hukum Perspektif Al-Qur’an Dan Hadist.” At-Turas: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6, no. 2, (2019): 142-170, https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/at-turas/article/view/636.
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014.
Suhendi, Hendi. Fiqih Muamalah. Jakarta : Rajawali Pers, 2014.
Susilo, Agus Agung. “Transaksi Go-Pay Pada Perusahaan Ojek Online Perbandingan Akad Qardh Dan Wadi’ah.” Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2018.
Susilo, Arif Zulianto, M. Ikhsan Prabowo, Abdullah Taman, Adeng Pustikaningsih, Ahmad Samlawi. “A Comparative Study Of Factors Affecting User Acceptance of GO-PAY and OVO As a Feature of Fintech Application.” ScienceDirect 61, no. 88 (2019): 876-884. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050919319064.
Suwardana, Adnan Fauzi. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penguunaan Layanan Gopay (Mobile Payment) Pada Pelanggang Gojek.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB 8, no. 1 (2016), https://jimfeb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimfeb/article/view/6317.
Swastika, Junior Mega. “Konflik Gojek Studi Fenomenologi Terhadap Konflik Pengemudi Gojek Di Kota Kediri” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi 2, no. 2 (2016): 16-32, https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jas/article/view/18176.
Syafe'i, Rachmat. Fiqh Muamalah. Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2001.
Tandi, Apriliani Dwi, Maulana Syarif Hidayatullah. “The Effect Of User Experience On Donation Interest Through The Digital Wallet Applications.” Journal of Islamic Economic and Finance Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 34-55, https://ejournal.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/JIEFeS/article/view/2793.
Tazkiyyaturrohman, Rifqi. “Eksistensi Uang Elektronik Sebagai Alat Transaksi Keuangan Modern.” Jurnal Muslim Heritage, 3, no. 1 (2018): 21-39, https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/muslimheritage/article/view/1240/878.
Tarmizi, Erwandi. Harta Haram Muamalat Kontemporer. 22nd printing. Bogor: Berkat Mulia Insani, 2019.
Tektona, Rahmadi Indra. “Tanggung Jawab Hukum PT Gojek Indonesia Atas Saldo Go-Pay Konsumen Yang Hilang.” Widya Rudika : Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 1 (2020): 77-94, https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/99915.
Taufan, Ahmad, Rudi Trisno Yuwono. “Analysis of Factors That Affect Intention to Use E-Wallet through the Technology Acceptance Model Approach (Case Study: GO-PAY).” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 8, no. 7 (2019): 413-419, https://www.ijsr.net/get_count.php?paper_id=ART2020219.
Vanda, Widyawati. “Tanggung Jawab PT Gojek Indonesia Terhadap Kerugian Yang Diderita Pengemudi Gojek Melalui Fitur Go-Food.” Jurnal Cakrawali Hukum 9, no. 1 (2018): 89-97, https://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/jch/article/view/2119.
Zafani, Dita Anis and Moh. Musfiq Arifqi. “Cahsless Society on GoPay: An Islamic Economic Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 3, no. 2 (2020): 141-158, https://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/jisel/article/view/11904.
Zulfian. “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Berdonasi Secara Online Melalui Platform Financial Technology Crowdfunding.” Skripsi, Universitas Islam Indonesia (2020).
az-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-Islami Wa Adillatuh. Translited by Abdul Hayyie Al-Kattani, Dkk. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.
Zulni Diaul Aulia and Siti Achiria. “Implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in Digital Wallet: Literatur Review Approach.” EKBIS : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 3, no. 2, 2020.
Zustika, Anisa Fadilah. “Financial Tecnology (Fintech) Berbasis Sistem Peer Lending (P2PL) Dalam Perspektif Hifdhul Mal (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Investree).” Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Khadijatul Musanna, Ali Sodiqin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Asy-Syir'ah : Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum by Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.