Kontestasi Kesejahteraan dalam Pertambangan: Studi Kasus Ijin Penambangan Semen Rembang Tinjauan Maqasid Asy-Syari’ah

Abstract

Environmental conflicts caused by mining activities in Indonesia often spark public debate, including contestations over narratives of welfare. One notable case is the limestone mining for cement raw materials in Tegaldowo, Rembang, Central Java, which has sparked controversy over the Governor of Central Java's Decision Letter (SK) No. 660.1/30 of 2016. This article analyzes the debate through the perspective of maqasid asy-syari'ah (sharia objectives) using a library research approach and descriptive-analytical qualitative methods. Data was obtained from observations and documentation of policies, environmental reports, and public responses. The results of the study show that the contestation of welfare in the public sphere arises from differences in narratives between the pro and con sides. Those who reject the Governor's Decree argue that the policy contradicts the Rembang Spatial Plan (RTRW), the findings of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS), and the UNDP's human security principles. Meanwhile, from the perspective of maqasid asy-syari'ah, the existence of the cement factory is considered to fulfill secondary needs (hajiyyat), such as creating job opportunities and business prospects. However, the long-term environmental impacts based on the KLHS must be seriously considered. This study concludes that mining policies must balance economic and ecological aspects, in accordance with the principles of maqasid asy-syari'ah, which guarantee maslahah (benefit) and justice. Policy recommendations need to prioritize environmental sustainability and community participation to prevent the escalation of conflicts in the future.

Konflik lingkungan akibat kegiatan penambangan di Indonesia kerap memicu perdebatan publik, termasuk kontestasi narasi kesejahteraan. Salah satu kasus yang menonjol adalah penambangan batu kapur untuk bahan baku semen di Tegaldowo, Rembang, Jawa Tengah, yang memunculkan pro-kontra terhadap Surat Keputusan (SK) Gubernur Jawa Tengah Nomor 660.1/30 Tahun 2016. Artikel ini menganalisis perdebatan tersebut melalui perspektif maqasid asy-syari’ah (tujuan syariah) dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan metode kualitatif deskriptif-analitis. Data diperoleh dari observasi dan dokumentasi kebijakan, laporan lingkungan, serta tanggapan publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontestasi kesejahteraan di ruang publik muncul akibat perbedaan narasi antara pihak pro dan kontra. Pihak yang menolak SK Gubernur berargumen bahwa kebijakan tersebut bertentangan dengan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Rembang, temuan Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS), serta prinsip human security UNDP. Sementara itu, dari sudut pandang maqasid asy-syari’ah, keberadaan pabrik semen dinilai memenuhi kebutuhan hajiyyat (sekunder), seperti membuka lapangan pekerjaan dan peluang usaha. Namun, dampak jangka panjang terhadap lingkungan hidup berdasarkan KLHS perlu dipertimbangkan secara serius. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan penambangan harus menyeimbangkan aspek ekonomi dan ekologi, sesuai prinsip maqasid asy-syari’ah yang menjamin kemaslahahtan (maslahah) dan keadilan. Rekomendasi kebijakan perlu memprioritaskan keberlanjutan lingkungan serta partisipasi masyarakat untuk mencegah eskalasi konflik di masa depan.