Certainty and Doubt in Mamatuik: A Phenomenological and Fiqh-Based Analysis of Cattle Trading
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Contract Transformation, Mamatuik, Skills, Selling, Understanding, Islamic Law
Abstract
This study explores traders’ understanding of mamatuik—the traditional skill of estimating the meat weight of live cattle—in buying and selling transactions at the Palangki livestock market. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach with in-depth interviews and observation, the research reveals three levels of trader competence: al-yaqīn, those certain and accurate in estimation (appraisers); al-syak, those partially knowledgeable but doubtful (amateurs); and wahm, those lacking the skill entirely (non-appraisers). This categorization reflects the fiqh maxim اليقين لا يزال بالشك (“certainty is not removed by doubt”), emphasizing that conviction determines trading confidence and continuity. In practice, mamatuik assesses potential meat weight and anchors price bargaining to that estimate, directly influencing a trader’s decision to purchase and the final cattle price. While mutual understanding between buyer and seller supports fair transactions, it cannot fully eliminate defects such as gharar (uncertainty) stemming from ignorance of the goods. External factors also shape the process: the Livestock Service Office provides official weighing facilities that limit reliance on mamatuik, enabling buyers without this skill to use objective measurements instead. Overall, mamatuik represents both a localized non-verbal knowledge system and a practical economic strategy, where the interplay of skill, belief, and regulatory oversight determines market dynamics and the distribution of risk.
Penelitian ini mengkaji pemahaman para pedagang terhadap mamatuik—keahlian tradisional dalam memperkirakan berat daging sapi hidup—dalam transaksi jual beli di Pasar Ternak Palangki. Menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga tingkatan kompetensi pedagang: al-yaqīn, yaitu mereka yang yakin dan akurat dalam perkiraan (penilai); al-syak, yaitu mereka yang memiliki pengetahuan sebagian tetapi ragu-ragu (pemula); dan wahm, yaitu mereka yang sama sekali tidak memiliki keterampilan tersebut (bukan penilai). Klasifikasi ini mencerminkan prinsip fiqh اليقين لا يزال بالشك (“keyakinan tidak hilang karena keraguan”), menekankan bahwa keyakinan menentukan kepercayaan dan kelangsungan transaksi. Dalam praktiknya, mamatuik menilai berat daging potensial dan menetapkan tawar-menawar harga berdasarkan perkiraan tersebut, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi keputusan pedagang untuk membeli dan harga akhir ternak. Meskipun pemahaman mutual antara pembeli dan penjual mendukung transaksi yang adil, hal ini tidak dapat sepenuhnya menghilangkan cacat seperti gharar (ketidakpastian) yang berasal dari ketidaktahuan tentang barang. Faktor eksternal juga memengaruhi proses ini: Kantor Layanan Peternakan menyediakan fasilitas penimbangan resmi yang membatasi ketergantungan pada mamatuik, sehingga pembeli yang tidak memiliki keterampilan ini dapat menggunakan pengukuran objektif sebagai gantinya. Secara keseluruhan, mamatuik mewakili sistem pengetahuan non-verbal yang lokal dan strategi ekonomi praktis, di mana interaksi antara keterampilan, keyakinan, dan pengawasan regulasi menentukan dinamika pasar dan distribusi risiko.
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