Regulating Halal Tourism: The Role of Islamic Organisational Fatwas in the Shariatization of Indonesia

Arisy Abror Dzukroni; Ahmad Fathan Aniq

Authors

Arisy Abror Dzukroni UIN Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia
Ahmad Fathan Aniq McGill University, Canada

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Abstract

This article explores the regulation of halal tourism in Indonesia, focusing on the roles of the main Islamic organizations in Indonesia, namely the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah. Prompted by the ongoing debates surrounding the relationship between modernity and Islam in the context of halal tourism, this research analyses fatwas issued by these organizations and various local regulations in Indonesia. The study finds that the three organizations respond to halal tourism issues with differing approaches, with MUI dominating the discourse. MUI and NU tend to adopt exclusive stances, while Muhammadiyah demonstrates a more inclusive and flexible approach. The dominance of MUI fatwas is reflected in their frequent citation and integration into various local regulations related to halal tourism, indicating significant influence in shaping regional policies. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theory of power/knowledge, this article concludes that the dominance of MUI fatwas in shaping the discourse of halal tourism regulation leads to a more exclusive society through the process of shariatization. This phenomenon reflects the influence of knowledge and policy control by Islamic institutions, directly or indirectly impacting the landscape of halal tourism regulation in Indonesia.

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi regulasi pariwisata halal di Indonesia dengan memfokuskan pada peran organisasi Islam utama di Indonesia, yakni Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), dan Muhammadiyah. Penelitian ini dipicu oleh kompleksitas perdebatan terkini seputar hubungan antara modernitas dan Islam dalam konteks pariwisata halal. Melalui analisis fatwa dari ketiga organisasi Islam dan sejumlah peraturan daerah di Indonesia, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketiga organisasi tersebut merespons isu pariwisata halal dengan pendekatan yang berbeda, di mana MUI mendominasi diskursus tersebut. MUI dan NU cenderung mengadopsi sikap eksklusif, sementara Muhammadiyah menunjukkan pendekatan yang lebih inklusif dan fleksibel. Dominasi fatwa MUI tercermin dalam seringnya fatwa tersebut dirujuk dan diintegrasikan ke dalam berbagai peraturan daerah terkait pariwisata halal. Hal itu menandakan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pembentukan kebijakan daerah. Dengan merujuk pada teori kuasa pengetahuan Michel Foucault, artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa dominasi fatwa MUI dalam membentuk diskursus regulasi pariwisata halal mengarah pada masyarakat yang lebih eksklusif melalui proses syariatisasi. Fenomena ini mencerminkan pengaruh kontrol pengetahuan dan kebijakan oleh lembaga-lembaga Islam, yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung memengaruhi lanskap regulasi pariwisata halal di Indonesia.

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