Muslim Politics: Political Model of Islamic Law in Adat Societies
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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the political model of Islamic law within the indigenous community of Kerinci. The idea behind this research is the triumph of the Islamic party in the local, governor, and presidential elections in Kerinci, Jambi Province, between 2009 and 2019. Gradually, Islam acquired substantial political influence inside the customary domain of Kerinci. The study employs a combination of socio-historical and qualitative research. The data is examined utilizing Miriam Budiardjo’s political law approach, encompassing classical, behavioral, post-behavioral, dependence, neo-Marxist, rational choice, and new institutionalism approaches. Our research indicates that the implementation of Political Islamic Law in Kerinci is an integral component of the Islamic Populism movement, which has gained momentum and become deeply rooted in the political conduct of the local Muslim community. These cultural habits originate from the fundamental principles of society, which have emerged as a result of the assimilation of Islamic teachings into daily life. These individuals are involved in the decision-making processes of Adat Institution and Majelis Pengkajian Ulama’ (MPU). These individuals inherently endorse Islamic parties such as PAN (National Mandate Party) and PKS (Prosperous Justice Party). Adat institutions play a significant role in local elections by offering guidance through sectoral delegates in every adat region.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model politik Hukum Islam dalam masyarakat adat Kerinci. Ide dari penelitian ini berasal dari kemenangan partai Islam dalam pemilihan kepala daerah, gubernur, dan presiden di Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi antara tahun 2009 dan 2019. Secara bertahap, Islam memperoleh pengaruh politik yang substansial di dalam wilayah adat Kerinci. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi penelitian sosio-historis dan kualitatif. Data yang ada dikaji dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum politik Miriam Budiardjo, yang meliputi pendekatan klasik, perilaku, post-behavioral, ketergantungan, neo-Marxis, pilihan rasional, dan institusionalisme baru. Penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Syari’at Islam Politik di Kerinci merupakan komponen integral dari gerakan Populisme Islam, yang telah mendapatkan momentum dan mengakar kuat dalam perilaku politik masyarakat Muslim setempat. Kebiasaan budaya ini berasal dari prinsip-prinsip dasar masyarakat, yang muncul sebagai hasil dari asimilasi ajaran Islam ke dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Individu-individu ini terlibat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan di Lembaga Adat dan Majelis Pengkajian Ulama (MPU). Individu-individu ini secara inheren mendukung partai-partai Islam seperti PAN (Partai Amanat Nasional) dan PKS (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera). Lembaga adat memainkan peran penting dalam pemilihan kepala daerah dengan memberikan arahan melalui delegasi sektoral di setiap wilayah adat.
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